Genetic Aspects of Dental Diseases
Genetics is the science of heredity and variation. This has the main role in expecting the personal outlook of a person. This is the study which is related to inherited traits of a person and the transmission of the traits from the older to young ones.
In the 19th century G.J. Mendel was the person who has began the search with foundation. Then James Watson and Francis Crick were the main people who have departed their main role to genetics.
Taking the main dental diseases we can find the aspect of genetics on these diseases as follows:
1.
Dental Caries
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From the studies it has been clear that the person with having lots of caries have most of chances of this transmission to the next generations and the chances are up to 50%. Understanding of the basic concept of transmission of is little tough as there are no genetic basis that can be spotted but the inbreeding studies and the investigations have made the outlook that the recessive genes are responsible for this transmission and this statement is made by the DMFT index that has been carried in the group of population. This index counts the number of decayed, missing, filled and treated teeth in a person.
Although there are various studies that have supported the evidence of genetic basis of transmission of dental diseases but the other factors like fluoride treatment and other environmental factors also have the ability to suppress the same.
There has been also find the fact that dental caries have some relation to Proline Rich Protein that is found in saliva but studies are still going to find out the fact.
2.
Periodontal Diseases
Periodontal diseases range in severity from simple gingivitis which is largely a reversible condition to the conditions that are truly irreversible like periodontitis. The last one is more of destructive nature than the first one and the destruction is unable to control. The main factor that is responsible for the occurrence of periodontal diseases is calculus and plaque but this is not the only factor that is responsible as the studies have shown many of the percentage that is with lots of plaque and calculus in mouth but still having no signs of periodontal diseases and the others having less amount of plaque and calculus but still having the aggressive periodontal diseases.
Thus there are chances of having the genetic basis for the periodontal diseases along with other factors.
3.
Occlusion and Craniofacial Development
In the cases of occlusion and craniofacial developments genetics is of the utmost importance as the genes are responsible for these diseases and this does not depend only on the one parent as both of the parents have the same role in developmental diseases.
It has been determined from the scientific studies that the child is the mixture of both the parents and in the development of jaws that are responsible for occlusion and craniofacial part, the genes of one jaw is acquired from mother and the other one is from father. Thus in these diseases genetics play a main role.
Significant advances in human genetics that are now taking place should soon enable screening of those individuals at risk and the implementation of targeted preventive measures to provide protection from various oral diseases.
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